Genicular Artery Embolization (GAE)
Genicular Artery Embolization (GAE) is a minimally invasive, image-guided treatment for chronic knee pain caused by osteoarthritis, designed to decrease abnormal blood flow to the inflamed lining of the knee.
Overview
Genicular Artery Embolization (GAE) is an advanced, minimally invasive procedure designed to alleviate chronic knee pain caused by osteoarthritis. Conducted by interventional radiologists under image guidance, GAE selectively targets and reduces abnormal blood vessels in the knee’s lining—effectively reducing inflammation and restoring mobility—without the need for major surgery or extended recovery.
How the Procedure Works
- Performed under local anesthesia using X-ray or fluoroscopic imaging, a small catheter is inserted—typically via the groin—and navigated to the genicular arteries supplying the knee.
- Tiny embolic particles are delivered to selectively block these vessels, reducing inflammatory blood flow to the synovium and easing pain.
- The procedure typically lasts anywhere from one to two hours. Most patients walk out the same day and resume normal activities within a day or two.
What Research Shows
Clinical evidence supports GAE’s safety and effectiveness in reducing inflammation and improving chronic knee pain. Promising pain relief has been reported in short- and mid-term follow-ups, though research is still evolving—with more robust trials needed to establish long-term outcomes and refine patient selection.
Genicular Artery Embolization (GAE) is an image-guided procedure that targets inflamed blood vessels around the knee (the genicular arteries). By reducing abnormal blood flow to the synovium, GAE can decrease inflammation, ease pain, and improve mobility—without large incisions or a lengthy recovery.
Adults with moderate to severe knee osteoarthritis who have not improved with medications, injections, or physical therapy, and who wish to postpone or avoid knee replacement surgery, may be good candidates for GAE.
Clinical studies show that 65–85% of patients experience substantial pain relief and improved function within weeks, with results often lasting one to two years or more.
GAE usually takes 45–90 minutes, with additional time at the center for preparation and recovery.
Most patients return to normal daily activities within 3–5 days, with pain and mobility continuing to improve over the following weeks.
Minor bruising at the access site, temporary knee discomfort, or warmth in the skin may occur, while serious complications such as non-target embolization or infection are rare.
Coverage varies, with some insurers considering GAE investigational and others providing benefits when conservative treatments have failed. Our staff will assist in verifying your coverage.
If symptoms come back, GAE can often be performed again, or your doctor may recommend other treatment options.
Many patients begin to feel pain relief within two to four weeks, with ongoing improvement over the next three to six months as inflammation decreases.
GAE does not preclude future surgical options. If knee replacement becomes necessary, prior embolization typically does not interfere with surgery.
Who May Benefit from GAE
GAE is particularly well-suited for individuals experiencing:
- Moderate to severe knee osteoarthritis (often Kellgren–Lawrence grade 2–4)
- Persistent symptoms despite conservative treatments such as physical therapy, NSAIDs, bracing, or injections
- Knee pain in patients who are not candidates for—or prefer to avoid—knee replacement surgery
- Recurrent hemarthrosis (bleeding in the knee) following total knee arthroplasty in rare cases
Benefits of GAE
- Non-surgical option, avoiding large incisions and prolonged recovery
- Improved pain management, function, and quality of life in many patients within weeks
- Low complication risk, with a quick recovery and minimal downtime
- Durable outcomes, with many patients reporting relief lasting 6–12 months—or even longer—in some cases
TESTIMONIALS
What Our Patients Are Saying
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David M.
Dr. Gonzalez is amazing. He was able to find a rare condition I have that multiple other physicians did not pick up. He is both caring and knowledgeable. He explained all procedures and outcomes clearly and was available for my questions and concerns even after my procedure. He is a five star doctor and I would highly recommend him!
Adrienne V.
Dr. Gonzalez-Beicos and his staff are very professional, knowledgeable, friendly and caring. After dealing for 10 years with BPH, five biopsies, two TURP and three hospitalizations for complications I want to thank Dr. Gonzalez-Beicos and his team. They did and excellent job with a procedure called Prostatic Artery Embolization. I recovered fast and finally I can say that I’m back to normal. I would and do highly recommend him.
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